--■■■正規表現を使う方法(10g以降)■■■
select Val,RegExp_Instr(Val,'[a-zA-Z]') as Pos
from (select '123456789' as Val from dual
union select '12345678a' from dual
union select '12345ab89' from dual
union select 'a2345b78c' from dual);
--■■■正規表現を使わない方法■■■
select Val,
nvl(instr(val,
substr(translate(Val,'a' ||
translate(Val,'0abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ','0'),'a')
,1,1)),0) as Pos
from (select '123456789' as Val from dual
union select '12345678a' from dual
union select '12345ab89' from dual
union select 'a2345b78c' from dual);