ABC126-E 1 or 2

問題へのリンク

C#のソース

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;

class Program
{
    static string InputPattern = "InputX";

    static List<string> GetInputList()
    {
        var WillReturn = new List<string>();

        if (InputPattern == "Input1") {
            WillReturn.Add("3 1");
            WillReturn.Add("1 2 1");
            //2
        }
        else if (InputPattern == "Input2") {
            WillReturn.Add("6 5");
            WillReturn.Add("1 2 1");
            WillReturn.Add("2 3 2");
            WillReturn.Add("1 3 3");
            WillReturn.Add("4 5 4");
            WillReturn.Add("5 6 5");
            //2
        }
        else if (InputPattern == "Input3") {
            WillReturn.Add("100000 1");
            WillReturn.Add("1 100000 100");
            //99999
        }
        else {
            string wkStr;
            while ((wkStr = Console.ReadLine()) != null) WillReturn.Add(wkStr);
        }
        return WillReturn;
    }

    static void Main()
    {
        List<string> InputList = GetInputList();

        int[] wkArr = { };
        Action<string> SplitAct = pStr =>
            wkArr = pStr.Split(' ').Select(pX => int.Parse(pX)).ToArray();

        SplitAct(InputList[0]);
        int N = wkArr[0];

        var InsUnionFind = new UnionFind();
        for (int I = 1; I <= N; I++) {
            InsUnionFind.MakeSet(I);
        }

        foreach (string EachStr in InputList.Skip(1)) {
            SplitAct(EachStr);
            int X = wkArr[0];
            int Y = wkArr[1];
            InsUnionFind.Unite(X, Y);
        }

        var TreeSet = new HashSet<int>();
        for (int I = 1; I <= N; I++) {
            int RootNode = InsUnionFind.FindSet(I);
            TreeSet.Add(RootNode);
        }
        Console.WriteLine(TreeSet.Count);
    }
}

#region UnionFind
// UnionFindクラス
internal class UnionFind
{
    private class NodeInfoDef
    {
        internal int ParentNode;
        internal int Rank;
    }
    private Dictionary<int, NodeInfoDef> mNodeInfoDict =
        new Dictionary<int, NodeInfoDef>();

    // 要素が1つである木を森に追加
    internal void MakeSet(int pNode)
    {
        NodeInfoDef WillAdd = new NodeInfoDef();
        WillAdd.ParentNode = pNode;
        WillAdd.Rank = 0;
        mNodeInfoDict[pNode] = WillAdd;
    }

    // 合併処理
    internal void Unite(int pX, int pY)
    {
        int XNode = FindSet(pX);
        int YNode = FindSet(pY);
        int XRank = mNodeInfoDict[XNode].Rank;
        int YRank = mNodeInfoDict[YNode].Rank;

        if (XRank > YRank) {
            mNodeInfoDict[YNode].ParentNode = XNode;
        }
        else {
            mNodeInfoDict[XNode].ParentNode = YNode;
            if (XRank == YRank) {
                mNodeInfoDict[YNode].Rank++;
            }
        }
    }

    // ノードを引数として、木の根を取得
    internal int FindSet(int pTargetNode)
    {
        // 根までの経路上のノードのList
        var PathNodeList = new List<int>();

        int CurrNode = pTargetNode;
        while (CurrNode != mNodeInfoDict[CurrNode].ParentNode) {
            PathNodeList.Add(CurrNode);
            CurrNode = mNodeInfoDict[CurrNode].ParentNode;
        }

        // 経路圧縮 (親ポインタの付け替え)
        foreach (int EachPathNode in PathNodeList) {
            NodeInfoDef wkNodeInfo = mNodeInfoDict[EachPathNode];
            wkNodeInfo.ParentNode = CurrNode;
            mNodeInfoDict[EachPathNode] = wkNodeInfo;
        }
        return CurrNode;
    }

    internal void DebugPrint()
    {
        foreach (var EachPair in mNodeInfoDict.OrderBy(pX => pX.Key)) {
            Console.WriteLine("mNodeInfoDict[{0}].ParentNode={1}",
                EachPair.Key, EachPair.Value.ParentNode);
        }
    }
}
#endregion

解説

mod2の世界で考察すれば、
UnionFindの森で、木の本数が解だと分かります。