AtCoderのABC
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ABC308-F Vouchers
C#のソース
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
class Program
{
    static string InputPattern = "InputX";
    static List<string> GetInputList()
    {
        var WillReturn = new List<string>();
        if (InputPattern == "Input1") {
            WillReturn.Add("3 3");
            WillReturn.Add("4 3 1");
            WillReturn.Add("4 4 2");
            WillReturn.Add("2 3 1");
            //4
        }
        else if (InputPattern == "Input2") {
            WillReturn.Add("10 5");
            WillReturn.Add("9 7 1 5 2 2 5 5 7 6");
            WillReturn.Add("7 2 7 8 2");
            WillReturn.Add("3 2 4 1 2");
            //37
        }
        else {
            string wkStr;
            while ((wkStr = Console.ReadLine()) != null) WillReturn.Add(wkStr);
        }
        return WillReturn;
    }
    struct ItemDef
    {
        internal long kagen;
        internal long DisCount;
    }
    static Queue<ItemDef> mItemQue = new Queue<ItemDef>();
    static List<ItemDef> mItemList = new List<ItemDef>();
    static void Main()
    {
        List<string> InputList = GetInputList();
        long[] wkArr = { };
        Action<string> SplitAct = pStr =>
            wkArr = pStr.Split(' ').Select(pX => long.Parse(pX)).ToArray();
        SplitAct(InputList[1]);
        long[] PArr = wkArr;
        Array.Sort(PArr);
        SplitAct(InputList[2]);
        long[] LArr = wkArr;
        SplitAct(InputList[3]);
        long[] DArr = wkArr;
        for (int I = 0; I <= LArr.GetUpperBound(0); I++) {
            ItemDef WillAdd;
            WillAdd.kagen = LArr[I];
            WillAdd.DisCount = DArr[I];
            mItemList.Add(WillAdd);
        }
        foreach (ItemDef EachItem in mItemList.OrderBy(pX => pX.kagen)) {
            mItemQue.Enqueue(EachItem);
        }
        var InsPQueue = new PQueue();
        PQueue.PQueueJyoutaiDef WillEnqueue;
        long Answer = 0;
        foreach (long EachP in PArr) {
            while (true) {
                bool WillBreak = true;
                if (mItemQue.Count > 0) {
                    ItemDef Peeked = mItemQue.Peek();
                    if (Peeked.kagen <= EachP) {
                        WillEnqueue.Val = Peeked.DisCount;
                        InsPQueue.Enqueue(WillEnqueue);
                        mItemQue.Dequeue();
                        WillBreak = false;
                    }
                }
                if (WillBreak) break;
            }
            Answer += EachP;
            if (InsPQueue.Count() > 0) {
                PQueue.PQueueJyoutaiDef Dequeued = InsPQueue.Dequeue();
                Answer -= Dequeued.Val;
            }
        }
        Console.WriteLine(Answer);
    }
}
#region PQueue
// 優先度付きキュー (根のValが最大)
internal class PQueue
{
    internal struct PQueueJyoutaiDef
    {
        internal long Val;
    }
    private Dictionary<long, PQueueJyoutaiDef> mHeapDict = new Dictionary<long, PQueueJyoutaiDef>();
    internal bool IsEmpty()
    {
        return mHeapDict.Count == 0;
    }
    internal long Count()
    {
        return mHeapDict.Count;
    }
    internal long Peek()
    {
        return mHeapDict[1].Val;
    }
    // エンキュー処理
    internal void Enqueue(PQueueJyoutaiDef pAddJyoutai)
    {
        long CurrNode = 1 + mHeapDict.Count;
        mHeapDict[CurrNode] = pAddJyoutai;
        while (1 < CurrNode && mHeapDict[CurrNode / 2].Val < mHeapDict[CurrNode].Val) {
            PQueueJyoutaiDef Swap = mHeapDict[CurrNode];
            mHeapDict[CurrNode] = mHeapDict[CurrNode / 2];
            mHeapDict[CurrNode / 2] = Swap;
            CurrNode /= 2;
        }
    }
    // デキュー処理
    internal PQueueJyoutaiDef Dequeue()
    {
        PQueueJyoutaiDef TopNode = mHeapDict[1];
        long LastNode = mHeapDict.Count;
        mHeapDict[1] = mHeapDict[LastNode];
        mHeapDict.Remove(LastNode);
        MinHeapify(1);
        return TopNode;
    }
    // 根ノードを指定し、根から葉へヒープ構築
    private void MinHeapify(long pRootNode)
    {
        if (mHeapDict.Count <= 1) {
            return;
        }
        long Left = pRootNode * 2;
        long Right = pRootNode * 2 + 1;
        // 左の子、自分、右の子で値が最大のノードを選ぶ
        long Smallest = mHeapDict[pRootNode].Val;
        long SmallestNode = pRootNode;
        if (mHeapDict.ContainsKey(Left) && mHeapDict[Left].Val > Smallest) {
            Smallest = mHeapDict[Left].Val;
            SmallestNode = Left;
        }
        if (mHeapDict.ContainsKey(Right) && mHeapDict[Right].Val > Smallest) {
            Smallest = mHeapDict[Right].Val;
            SmallestNode = Right;
        }
        // 子ノードのほうが大きい場合
        if (SmallestNode != pRootNode) {
            PQueueJyoutaiDef Swap = mHeapDict[SmallestNode];
            mHeapDict[SmallestNode] = mHeapDict[pRootNode];
            mHeapDict[pRootNode] = Swap;
            // 再帰的に呼び出し
            MinHeapify(SmallestNode);
        }
    }
}
#endregion
解説
値段の昇順でのイベントソートの感覚で
以下のロジックで解いてます。
商品は、価格の昇順に見る。
クーポンも使用可能価格の昇順に見る。
使用可能になったクーポンは、プライオリティキューに入れ
値引き額が最大のクーポンを使う